Anime, also known as Japanimation, encompasses hand-drawn and computer-generated animation originating from Japan. The term "anime" is derived from the English word "animation," and in Japan, it broadly refers to all animated media. Outside Japan, however, "anime" specifically denotes animation produced in Japan or the distinctive Japanese style characterized by vivid graphics, lively characters, and fantastical themes. This cultural interpretation allows for the recognition of anime created in countries beyond Japan, provided they adopt this stylistic approach. Japanese commercial animation dates back to 1917, marking its early beginnings. The distinctive art style associated with anime emerged in the 1960s through the works of Osamu Tezuka and gained widespread popularity in the latter half of the 20th century, attracting large domestic and international audiences. Anime is distributed through various channels including theatrical releases, television broadcasts, direct-to-home media, and online streaming. Apart from original creations, many anime are adaptations of manga (Japanese comics), light novels, or video games. The animation techniques and production methods have evolved over time, influenced by emerging technologies. As a multimedia art form, anime integrates graphic design, character development, cinematography, and other creative elements. Production often emphasizes detailed environmental settings and camera techniques such as panning, zooming, and unique shot angles, sometimes placing less emphasis on smooth movement. Visual styles vary widely, with character proportions and features ranging from exaggerated, large expressive eyes to realistic depictions. Anime spans numerous genres, catering to both broad and niche audiences, reflecting its versatility and cultural richness. In the United States, terms like "wapanese" have emerged to describe White fans who wish to emulate Japanese culture, while "weeaboo" refers to individuals intensely interested in Japanese anime and subculture—terms that underscore the complex social dynamics surrounding anime fandom.
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